Initial commit with SIMD implementation and some other specialization methods

X10D/src/Collections/ArrayExtensions.cs

@@ -58,14 +58,8 @@ public static class ArrayExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
-        int index = range.Start.Value;
+        (int offset, int length) = range.GetOffsetAndLength(array.Length);
-        int end = range.End.Value;
+        array.Clear(offset, length);
-        if (range.End.IsFromEnd)
-        {
-            end = array.Length - end;
-        }
-
-        array.Clear(index, end - index);
     }
 
     /// <summary>

X10D/src/Collections/ByteExtensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
+#endif
+
 namespace X10D.Collections;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -35,9 +40,43 @@ public static class ByteExtensions
             throw new ArgumentException($"Destination must be at least {Size} in length.", nameof(destination));
         }
 
-        for (var index = 0; index < Size; index++)
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+        if (Ssse3.IsSupported)
         {
-            destination[index] = (value & (1 << index)) != 0;
+            Ssse3Implementation(value, destination);
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+        
+        FallbackImplementation(value, destination);
+
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+        unsafe static void Ssse3Implementation(byte value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            fixed (bool* pDestination = destination)
+            {
+                var mask2 = Vector128.Create(
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
+                );
+                var mask1Lo = Vector128.Create((byte)0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+                var vec = Vector128.Create(value).AsByte();
+                var shuffle = Ssse3.Shuffle(vec, mask1Lo);
+                var and = Sse2.AndNot(shuffle, mask2);
+                var cmp = Sse2.CompareEqual(and, Vector128<byte>.Zero);
+                var correctness = Sse2.And(cmp, Vector128.Create((byte)0x01));
+
+                Sse2.StoreScalar((long*)pDestination, correctness.AsInt64());
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        static void FallbackImplementation(byte value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            for (var index = 0; index < Size; index++)
+            {
+                destination[index] = (value & (1 << index)) != 0;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

X10D/src/Collections/DictionaryExtensions.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Web;
 
 namespace X10D.Collections;
@@ -8,6 +10,72 @@ namespace X10D.Collections;
 /// </summary>
 public static class DictionaryExtensions
 {
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Adds a key/value pair to the <see cref="Dictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if the key does not already exist, or updates a
+    ///     key/value pair in the <see cref="Dictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> by using the specified function if the key already
+    ///     exists.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary to update.</param>
+    /// <param name="key">The key to be added or whose value should be updated.</param>
+    /// <param name="addValue">The value to be added for an absent key.</param>
+    /// <param name="updateValueFactory">
+    ///     The function used to generate a new value for an existing key based on the key's existing value.
+    /// </param>
+    /// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the keys in the dictionary.</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the values in the dictionary.</typeparam>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     The new value for the key. This will be either be <paramref name="addValue" /> (if the key was absent) or the result
+    ///     of <paramref name="updateValueFactory" /> (if the key was present).
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
+    ///     <para><paramref name="dictionary" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    ///     -or-
+    ///     <para><paramref name="updateValueFactory" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    /// </exception>
+    public static TValue AddOrUpdate<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, TKey key, TValue addValue,
+        Func<TKey, TValue, TValue> updateValueFactory)
+        where TKey : notnull
+    {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(dictionary);
+#else
+        if (dictionary is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dictionary));
+        }
+#endif
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(updateValueFactory);
+#else
+        if (updateValueFactory is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(updateValueFactory));
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ref var value = ref CollectionsMarshal.GetValueRefOrAddDefault(dictionary, key, out bool exists);
+        if (exists)
+        {
+            value = updateValueFactory(key, value!);
+        } else
+        {
+            value = addValue;
+        }
+
+        return value;
+#else
+        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out var old))
+        {
+            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, old);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            dictionary.Add(key, addValue);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Adds a key/value pair to the <see cref="IDictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if the key does not already exist, or updates a
     ///     key/value pair in the <see cref="IDictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> by using the specified function if the key already
@@ -51,9 +119,9 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
-        if (dictionary.ContainsKey(key))
+        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out var old))
         {
-            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, dictionary[key]);
+            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, old);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -63,6 +131,85 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
         return dictionary[key];
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Uses the specified functions to add a key/value pair to the <see cref="Dictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if the key does
+    ///     not already exist, or to update a key/value pair in the <see cref="Dictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if the key already
+    ///     exists.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary to update.</param>
+    /// <param name="key">The key to be added or whose value should be updated.</param>
+    /// <param name="addValueFactory">The function used to generate a value for an absent key.</param>
+    /// <param name="updateValueFactory">
+    ///     The function used to generate a new value for an existing key based on the key's existing value.
+    /// </param>
+    /// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the keys in the dictionary.</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the values in the dictionary.</typeparam>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     The new value for the key. This will be either be the result of <paramref name="addValueFactory "/> (if the key was
+    ///     absent) or the result of <paramref name="updateValueFactory" /> (if the key was present).
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
+    ///     <para><paramref name="dictionary" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    ///     -or-
+    ///     <para><paramref name="addValueFactory" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    ///     -or-
+    ///     <para><paramref name="updateValueFactory" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    /// </exception>
+    public static TValue AddOrUpdate<TKey, TValue>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, TKey key,
+        Func<TKey, TValue> addValueFactory, Func<TKey, TValue, TValue> updateValueFactory)
+        where TKey : notnull
+    {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(dictionary);
+#else
+        if (dictionary is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dictionary));
+        }
+#endif
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(addValueFactory);
+#else
+        if (addValueFactory is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(addValueFactory));
+        }
+#endif
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(updateValueFactory);
+#else
+        if (updateValueFactory is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(updateValueFactory));
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ref var value = ref CollectionsMarshal.GetValueRefOrAddDefault(dictionary, key, out bool exists);
+        if (exists)
+        {
+            value = updateValueFactory(key, value!);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            value = addValueFactory(key);
+        }
+
+        return value;
+#else
+        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out var old))
+        {
+            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, old);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            dictionary.Add(key, addValueFactory(key));
+        }
+
+        return dictionary[key];
+#endif
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Uses the specified functions to add a key/value pair to the <see cref="IDictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if the key does
     ///     not already exist, or to update a key/value pair in the <see cref="IDictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if the key already
@@ -116,9 +263,9 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
-        if (dictionary.ContainsKey(key))
+        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out var old))
         {
-            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, dictionary[key]);
+            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, old);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -128,6 +275,91 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
         return dictionary[key];
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Uses the specified functions and argument to add a key/value pair to the <see cref="Dictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if
+    ///     the key does not already exist, or to update a key/value pair in the <see cref="Dictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if th
+    ///     key already exists.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="dictionary">The dictionary to update.</param>
+    /// <param name="key">The key to be added or whose value should be updated.</param>
+    /// <param name="addValueFactory">The function used to generate a value for an absent key.</param>
+    /// <param name="updateValueFactory">
+    ///     The function used to generate a new value for an existing key based on the key's existing value.
+    /// </param>
+    /// <param name="factoryArgument">
+    ///     An argument to pass into <paramref name="addValueFactory" /> and <paramref name="updateValueFactory" />.
+    /// </param>
+    /// <typeparam name="TKey">The type of the keys in the dictionary.</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the values in the dictionary.</typeparam>
+    /// <typeparam name="TArg">
+    ///     The type of an argument to pass into <paramref name="addValueFactory" /> and <paramref name="updateValueFactory" />.
+    /// </typeparam>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     The new value for the key. This will be either be the result of <paramref name="addValueFactory "/> (if the key was
+    ///     absent) or the result of <paramref name="updateValueFactory" /> (if the key was present).
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">
+    ///     <para><paramref name="dictionary" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    ///     -or-
+    ///     <para><paramref name="addValueFactory" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    ///     -or-
+    ///     <para><paramref name="updateValueFactory" /> is <see langword="null" />.</para>
+    /// </exception>
+    public static TValue AddOrUpdate<TKey, TValue, TArg>(this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, TKey key,
+        Func<TKey, TArg, TValue> addValueFactory, Func<TKey, TValue, TArg, TValue> updateValueFactory, TArg factoryArgument)
+        where TKey : notnull
+    {
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(dictionary);
+#else
+        if (dictionary is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(dictionary));
+        }
+#endif
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(addValueFactory);
+#else
+        if (addValueFactory is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(addValueFactory));
+        }
+#endif
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(updateValueFactory);
+#else
+        if (updateValueFactory is null)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(updateValueFactory));
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
+        ref var value = ref CollectionsMarshal.GetValueRefOrAddDefault(dictionary, key, out bool exists);
+        if (exists)
+        {
+            value = updateValueFactory(key, value!, factoryArgument);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            value = addValueFactory(key, factoryArgument);
+        }
+
+        return value;
+#else
+        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out var old))
+        {
+            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, old, factoryArgument);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            dictionary.Add(key, addValueFactory(key, factoryArgument));
+        }
+
+        return dictionary[key];
+#endif
+    }
+
     /// <summary>
     ///     Uses the specified functions and argument to add a key/value pair to the <see cref="IDictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if
     ///     the key does not already exist, or to update a key/value pair in the <see cref="IDictionary{TKey,TValue}" /> if th
@@ -187,9 +419,9 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
-        if (dictionary.ContainsKey(key))
+        if (dictionary.TryGetValue(key, out var old))
         {
-            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, dictionary[key], factoryArgument);
+            dictionary[key] = updateValueFactory(key, old, factoryArgument);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -227,7 +459,7 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
                 return string.Empty;
             }
 
-            return value.Contains(' ') ? $"\"{value}\"" : value;
+            return value.Contains(' ', StringComparison.InvariantCulture) ? $"\"{value}\"" : value;
         }
 
         static string GetQueryParameter(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair)
@@ -282,7 +514,7 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
                 return string.Empty;
             }
 
-            return value.Contains(' ') ? $"\"{value}\"" : value;
+            return value.Contains(' ', StringComparison.InvariantCulture) ? $"\"{value}\"" : value;
         }
 
         string GetQueryParameter(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair)
@@ -351,7 +583,7 @@ public static class DictionaryExtensions
                 return string.Empty;
             }
 
-            return value.Contains(' ') ? $"\"{value}\"" : value;
+            return value.Contains(' ', StringComparison.InvariantCulture) ? $"\"{value}\"" : value;
         }
 
         string GetQueryParameter(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> pair)

X10D/src/Collections/Int16Extensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
+#endif
+
 namespace X10D.Collections;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -17,9 +22,9 @@ public static class Int16Extensions
     [Pure]
     public static bool[] Unpack(this short value)
     {
-        Span<bool> buffer = stackalloc bool[Size];
+        bool[] ret = new bool[Size];
-        value.Unpack(buffer);
+        value.Unpack(ret);
-        return buffer.ToArray();
+        return ret;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -35,9 +40,45 @@ public static class Int16Extensions
             throw new ArgumentException($"Destination must be at least {Size} in length.", nameof(destination));
         }
 
-        for (var index = 0; index < Size; index++)
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+        if (Ssse3.IsSupported)
         {
-            destination[index] = (value & (1 << index)) != 0;
+            Ssse3Implementation(value, destination);
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        FallbackImplementation(value, destination);
+
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+        unsafe static void Ssse3Implementation(short value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            fixed (bool* pDestination = destination)
+            {
+                var mask2 = Vector128.Create(
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
+                );
+                var mask1Lo = Vector128.Create((byte)0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+
+                var one = Vector128.Create((byte)0x01);
+
+                var vec = Vector128.Create(value).AsByte();
+                var shuffle = Ssse3.Shuffle(vec, mask1Lo);
+                var and = Sse2.AndNot(shuffle, mask2);
+                var cmp = Sse2.CompareEqual(and, Vector128<byte>.Zero);
+                var correctness = Sse2.And(cmp, one);
+
+                Sse2.Store((byte*)pDestination, correctness);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        static void FallbackImplementation(short value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            for (var index = 0; index < Size; index++)
+            {
+                destination[index] = (value & (1 << index)) != 0;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

X10D/src/Collections/Int32Extensions.cs

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
+using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;
+#endif
+
 namespace X10D.Collections;
 
 /// <summary>
@@ -17,9 +22,9 @@ public static class Int32Extensions
     [Pure]
     public static bool[] Unpack(this int value)
     {
-        Span<bool> buffer = stackalloc bool[Size];
+        bool[] ret = new bool[Size];
-        value.Unpack(buffer);
+        value.Unpack(ret);
-        return buffer.ToArray();
+        return ret;
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -35,9 +40,86 @@ public static class Int32Extensions
             throw new ArgumentException($"Destination must be at least {Size} in length.", nameof(destination));
         }
 
-        for (var index = 0; index < Size; index++)
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+        // TODO: AdvSimd support.
+        
+        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24225786/fastest-way-to-unpack-32-bits-to-a-32-byte-simd-vector
+        if (Avx2.IsSupported)
         {
-            destination[index] = (value & (1 << index)) != 0;
+            Avx2Implementation(value, destination);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (Ssse3.IsSupported)
+        {
+            Ssse3Implementation(value, destination);
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        FallbackImplementation(value, destination);
+
+#if NETCOREAPP3_0_OR_GREATER
+        unsafe static void Avx2Implementation(int value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            fixed (bool* pDestination = destination)
+            {
+                var mask1 = Vector256.Create(
+                    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+                    0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 
+                    0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 
+                    0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03
+                ).AsByte();
+                var mask2 = Vector256.Create(
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
+                );
+
+                var vec = Vector256.Create(value).AsByte();
+                var shuffle = Avx2.Shuffle(vec, mask1);
+                var and = Avx2.AndNot(shuffle, mask2);
+                var cmp = Avx2.CompareEqual(and, Vector256<byte>.Zero);
+                var correctness = Avx2.And(cmp, Vector256.Create((byte)0x01));                
+                
+                Avx.Store((byte*)pDestination, correctness);
+            }
+        }
+        unsafe static void Ssse3Implementation(int value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            fixed (bool* pDestination = destination)
+            {
+                var mask2 = Vector128.Create(
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
+                    0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80
+                );
+                var mask1Lo = Vector128.Create((byte)0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1);
+                var mask1Hi = Vector128.Create((byte)2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3);
+
+                var one = Vector128.Create((byte)0x01);
+                
+                var vec = Vector128.Create(value).AsByte();
+                var shuffle = Ssse3.Shuffle(vec, mask1Lo);
+                var and = Sse2.AndNot(shuffle, mask2);
+                var cmp = Sse2.CompareEqual(and, Vector128<byte>.Zero);
+                var correctness = Sse2.And(cmp, one);
+                
+                Sse2.Store((byte*)pDestination, correctness);
+                
+                shuffle = Ssse3.Shuffle(vec, mask1Hi);
+                and = Sse2.AndNot(shuffle, mask2);
+                cmp = Sse2.CompareEqual(and, Vector128<byte>.Zero);
+                correctness = Sse2.And(cmp, one);
+                Sse2.Store((byte*)pDestination + 16, correctness);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+        static void FallbackImplementation(int value, Span<bool> destination)
+        {
+            for (var index = 0; index < Size; index++)
+            {
+                destination[index] = (value & (1 << index)) != 0;
+            }
         }
     }
 }

X10D/src/Collections/Int64Extensions.cs

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ public static class Int64Extensions
     [Pure]
     public static bool[] Unpack(this long value)
     {
-        Span<bool> buffer = stackalloc bool[Size];
+        bool[] ret = new bool[Size];
-        value.Unpack(buffer);
+        value.Unpack(ret);
-        return buffer.ToArray();
+        return ret;
     }
 
     /// <summary>

X10D/src/Core/RandomExtensions.cs

@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ namespace X10D.Core;
 /// </summary>
 public static class RandomExtensions
 {
+#if !NET6_0_OR_GREATER
     private static readonly Random Shared = new();
+#endif
 
     /// <summary>
     ///     Returns a random value that defined in a specified enum.

X10D/src/Drawing/ColorExtensions.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
 using System.Drawing;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using X10D.Collections;
 
 namespace X10D.Drawing;
 

X10D/src/Reflection/MemberInfoExtensions.cs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public static class MemberInfoExtensions
         }
 #endif
         
-        return member.HasCustomAttribute(typeof(T));
+        return Attribute.IsDefined(member, typeof(T));
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public static class MemberInfoExtensions
                 attribute, typeof(Attribute)), nameof(attribute));
         }
 
-        return member.GetCustomAttribute(attribute) is not null;
+        return Attribute.IsDefined(member, attribute);
     }
 
     /// <summary>