diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadDecimal.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadDecimal.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c65320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadDecimal.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDecimal_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDecimal_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDecimal_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadDecimal((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDecimal_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[]
+        {
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x68
+        };
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const decimal expected = 420.0m;
+        decimal actual = stream.ReadDecimal(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(16, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDecimal_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[]
+        {
+            0x68, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
+        };
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const decimal expected = 420.0m;
+        decimal actual = stream.ReadDecimal(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(16, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadDouble.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadDouble.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..352df60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadDouble.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDouble_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadDouble());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadDouble(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadDouble(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDouble_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadDouble());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadDouble(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadDouble(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDouble_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadDouble((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDouble_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x40, 0x7A, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const double expected = 420.0;
+        double actual = stream.ReadDouble(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadDouble_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x7A, 0x40};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const double expected = 420.0;
+        double actual = stream.ReadDouble(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt16.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt16.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b41c82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt16.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt16());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt16());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadInt16((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt16_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x01, 0xA4};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const short expected = 420;
+        short actual = stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt16_ShouldReadLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const short expected = 420;
+        short actual = stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt32.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt32.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60442fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt32.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt32());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt32());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadInt32((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt32_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const int expected = 420;
+        int actual = stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt32_ShouldReadLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const int expected = 420;
+        int actual = stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt64.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt64.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23554b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadInt64.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt64());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt64());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadInt64((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt64_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const long expected = 420;
+        long actual = stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadInt64_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const long expected = 420;
+        long actual = stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadSingle.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadSingle.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35976c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadSingle.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadSingle_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadSingle());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadSingle_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadSingle());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadSingle_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadSingle((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadSingle_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x43, 0xD2, 0x00, 0x00};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const float expected = 420.0f;
+        float actual = stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void ReadSingle_ShouldReadLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0xD2, 0x43};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const float expected = 420.0f;
+        float actual = stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt16.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt16.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b28c3e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt16.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadUInt16((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt16_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x01, 0xA4};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const ushort expected = 420;
+        ushort actual = stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt16_ShouldReadLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const ushort expected = 420;
+        ushort actual = stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt32.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt32.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6112b80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt32.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadUInt32((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt32_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const uint expected = 420;
+        uint actual = stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt32_ShouldReadLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const uint expected = 420;
+        uint actual = stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt64.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt64.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e5a0c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.ReadUInt64.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonReadableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64());
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.ReadUInt64((Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt64_ShouldReadBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const ulong expected = 420;
+        ulong actual = stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.BigEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void ReadUInt64_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> bytes = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        stream.Write(bytes);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        const ulong expected = 420;
+        ulong actual = stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteDecimal.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteDecimal.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1412f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteDecimal.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDecimal_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420.0m, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420.0m, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDecimal_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420.0m, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420.0m, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDecimal_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420.0m, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420.0m, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDecimal_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420.0m, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(16, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[16];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[]
+        {
+            0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x68
+        };
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(16, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDecimal_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420.0m, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(16, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[16];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[]
+        {
+            0x68, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
+        };
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Trace.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", actual.ToArray().Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}")));
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(16, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteDouble.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteDouble.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5605830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteDouble.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDouble_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDouble_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDouble_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420.0, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420.0, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDouble_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x40, 0x7A, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteDouble_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x7A, 0x40};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt16.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt16.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e0a1e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt16.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write((short)420, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write((short)420, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt16_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[2];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x01, 0xA4};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt16_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[2];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt32.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt32.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dae3144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt32.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt32_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt32_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt64.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt64.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f5e6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteInt64.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420L, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420L, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420L, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420L, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420L, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420L, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt64_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420L, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteInt64_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420L, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteSingle.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteSingle.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5da14c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteSingle.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteSingle_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteSingle_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteSingle_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420.0f, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420.0f, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteSingle_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x43, 0xD2, 0x00, 0x00};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void WriteSingle_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0xD2, 0x43};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt16.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt16.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe73ec7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt16.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt16_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write((ushort)420, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write((ushort)420, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt16_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[2];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x01, 0xA4};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt16_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[2];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(2, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt32.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt32.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e28e946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt32.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420U, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420U, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420U, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420U, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt32_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420U, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420U, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt32_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420U, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt32_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420U, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt64.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt64.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef8065b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.WriteUInt64.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.IO;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
+
+public partial class StreamTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenNonWriteableStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = new DummyStream();
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentNullException_GivenNullStream()
+    {
+        Stream stream = null!;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.LittleEndian));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.BigEndian));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt64_ShouldThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException_GivenInvalidEndiannessValue()
+    {
+        // we don't need to enclose this stream in a using declaration, since disposing a
+        // null stream is meaningless. NullStream.Dispose actually does nothing, anyway.
+        // that - coupled with the fact that encapsulating the stream in a using declaration causes the
+        // analyser to trip up and think the stream is disposed by the time the local is captured in
+        // assertion lambda - means this line is fine as it is. please do not change.
+        Stream stream = Stream.Null;
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420UL, (Endianness)(-1)));
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => stream.Write(420UL, (Endianness)(-1)));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt64_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.BigEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0xA4};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    public void WriteUInt64_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
+    {
+        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.LittleEndian);
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
+        stream.Position = 0;
+
+        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
+        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0xA4, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+        int read = stream.Read(actual);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
+        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expected.ToArray(), actual.ToArray());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.cs b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.cs
index 47d4e0d..ba7eb0e 100644
--- a/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.cs
+++ b/X10D.Tests/src/IO/StreamTests.cs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ using X10D.IO;
 namespace X10D.Tests.IO;
 
 [TestClass]
-public class StreamTests
+public partial class StreamTests
 {
     [TestMethod]
     public void GetHashSha1ShouldBeCorrect()
@@ -99,393 +99,6 @@ public class StreamTests
             Stream.Null.TryWriteHash<HashAlgorithmTestClassNoCreateMethod>(Span<byte>.Empty, out _));
     }
 
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void Write_ShouldThrow_GivenUndefinedEndianness()
-    {
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0.0f, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0.0, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0.0m, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write((short)0, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0L, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write((ushort)0, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0U, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.Write(0UL, (Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void Read_ShouldThrow_GivenNullStream()
-    {
-        Stream? stream = null;
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadSingle());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadDouble());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadDecimal());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadInt16());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadInt32());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadInt64());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadUInt16());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadUInt32());
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.ReadUInt64());
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void Write_ShouldThrow_GivenNullStream()
-    {
-        Stream? stream = null;
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0.0f, Endianness.LittleEndian));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0.0, Endianness.LittleEndian));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0.0m, Endianness.LittleEndian));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write((short)0));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0L));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write((ushort)0));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0U));
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentNullException>(() => stream!.Write(0UL));
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void Read_ShouldThrow_GivenUndefinedEndianness()
-    {
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadSingle((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadDouble((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadDecimal((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadInt16((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadInt32((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadInt64((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadUInt16((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadUInt32((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() =>
-        {
-            using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-            return stream.ReadUInt64((Endianness)(-1));
-        });
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void WriteDouble_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.BigEndian);
-        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
-        stream.Position = 0;
-
-        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
-        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x40, 0x7A, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
-        int read = stream.Read(actual);
-
-        byte[] actualArray = actual.ToArray();
-        byte[] expectedArray = expected.ToArray();
-
-        string actualBytes = string.Join(", ", actualArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        string expectedBytes = string.Join(", ", expectedArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Actual bytes: {actualBytes}");
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Expected bytes: {expectedBytes}");
-
-        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
-        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedArray, actualArray);
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void WriteDouble_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420.0, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-        Assert.AreEqual(8, stream.Position);
-        stream.Position = 0;
-
-        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[8];
-        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x7A, 0x40};
-        int read = stream.Read(actual);
-
-        byte[] actualArray = actual.ToArray();
-        byte[] expectedArray = expected.ToArray();
-
-        string actualBytes = string.Join(", ", actualArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        string expectedBytes = string.Join(", ", expectedArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Actual bytes: {actualBytes}");
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Expected bytes: {expectedBytes}");
-
-        Assert.AreEqual(8, read);
-        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedArray, actualArray);
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void WriteSingle_ShouldWriteBigEndian_GivenBigEndian()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.BigEndian);
-        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
-        stream.Position = 0;
-
-        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
-        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x43, 0xD2, 0x00, 0x00};
-        int read = stream.Read(actual);
-
-        byte[] actualArray = actual.ToArray();
-        byte[] expectedArray = expected.ToArray();
-
-        string actualBytes = string.Join(", ", actualArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        string expectedBytes = string.Join(", ", expectedArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Actual bytes: {actualBytes}");
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Expected bytes: {expectedBytes}");
-
-        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
-        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedArray, actualArray);
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void WriteSingle_ShouldWriteLittleEndian_GivenLittleEndian()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-        Assert.AreEqual(4, stream.Position);
-        stream.Position = 0;
-
-        Span<byte> actual = stackalloc byte[4];
-        ReadOnlySpan<byte> expected = stackalloc byte[] {0x00, 0x00, 0xD2, 0x43};
-        int read = stream.Read(actual);
-
-        byte[] actualArray = actual.ToArray();
-        byte[] expectedArray = expected.ToArray();
-
-        string actualBytes = string.Join(", ", actualArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        string expectedBytes = string.Join(", ", expectedArray.Select(b => $"0x{b:X2}"));
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Actual bytes: {actualBytes}");
-        Trace.WriteLine($"Expected bytes: {expectedBytes}");
-
-        Assert.AreEqual(4, read);
-        CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedArray, actualArray);
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void ReadSingle_WriteSingle_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420.0f, BitConverter.IsLittleEndian ? Endianness.LittleEndian : Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420.0f, stream.ReadSingle(), 1e-6f);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420.0f, stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.LittleEndian), 1e-6f);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420.0f, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420.0f, stream.ReadSingle(Endianness.BigEndian), 1e-6f);
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void ReadInt16_WriteInt16_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write((short)420);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420, stream.ReadInt16());
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420, stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian));
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write((short)420, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420, stream.ReadInt16(Endianness.BigEndian));
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void ReadInt32_WriteInt32_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420, stream.ReadInt32());
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420, stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian));
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420, stream.ReadInt32(Endianness.BigEndian));
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    public void ReadInt64_WriteInt64_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420L);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420L, stream.ReadInt64());
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420L, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420L, stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian));
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420L, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420L, stream.ReadInt64(Endianness.BigEndian));
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    [CLSCompliant(false)]
-    public void ReadUInt16_WriteUInt16_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write((ushort)420);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual((ushort)420, stream.ReadUInt16());
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual((ushort)420, stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.LittleEndian));
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write((ushort)420, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual((ushort)420, stream.ReadUInt16(Endianness.BigEndian));
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    [CLSCompliant(false)]
-    public void ReadUInt32_WriteUInt32_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420U);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420U, stream.ReadUInt32());
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420U, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420U, stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.LittleEndian));
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420U, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420U, stream.ReadUInt32(Endianness.BigEndian));
-    }
-
-    [TestMethod]
-    [CLSCompliant(false)]
-    public void ReadUInt64_WriteUInt64_ShouldBeSymmetric()
-    {
-        using var stream = new MemoryStream();
-        stream.Write(420UL);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420UL, stream.ReadUInt64());
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.LittleEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420UL, stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.LittleEndian));
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        stream.Write(420UL, Endianness.BigEndian);
-
-        stream.Position = 0;
-        Assert.AreEqual(420UL, stream.ReadUInt64(Endianness.BigEndian));
-    }
-
     private class DummyStream : Stream
     {
         public DummyStream(bool readable = false)
diff --git a/X10D/src/IO/StreamExtensions.cs b/X10D/src/IO/StreamExtensions.cs
index 4202844..f5def92 100644
--- a/X10D/src/IO/StreamExtensions.cs
+++ b/X10D/src/IO/StreamExtensions.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System.Buffers.Binary;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 using System.Reflection;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using System.Security.Cryptography;
@@ -107,6 +108,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         const int decimalSize = sizeof(decimal);
         const int int32Size = sizeof(int);
         const int partitionSize = decimalSize / int32Size;
@@ -166,6 +172,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(double)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -221,6 +232,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(short)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -270,6 +286,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -319,6 +340,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(long)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -368,6 +394,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(float)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -425,6 +456,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -476,6 +512,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -527,6 +568,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanRead)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportReading);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
         stream.Read(buffer);
 
@@ -609,6 +655,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <param name="stream">The stream to which the value should be written.</param>
     /// <param name="value">The two-byte signed integer to write.</param>
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, short value)
     {
         return stream.Write(value, DefaultEndianness);
@@ -645,6 +692,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(short)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -666,6 +718,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <param name="stream">The stream to which the value should be written.</param>
     /// <param name="value">The four-byte signed integer to write.</param>
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, int value)
     {
         return stream.Write(value, DefaultEndianness);
@@ -703,6 +756,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(int)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -725,6 +783,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <param name="value">The eight-byte signed integer to write.</param>
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="stream" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, long value)
     {
         return stream.Write(value, DefaultEndianness);
@@ -762,6 +821,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(long)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -785,6 +849,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="stream" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
     [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, ushort value)
     {
         return stream.Write(value, DefaultEndianness);
@@ -823,6 +888,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ushort)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -846,6 +916,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="stream" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
     [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, uint value)
     {
         return stream.Write(value, DefaultEndianness);
@@ -884,6 +955,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(uint)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -907,6 +983,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="stream" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
     [CLSCompliant(false)]
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, ulong value)
     {
         return stream.Write(value, DefaultEndianness);
@@ -945,6 +1022,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(ulong)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -991,6 +1073,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(float)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -1061,6 +1148,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         Span<byte> buffer = stackalloc byte[sizeof(double)];
 
         if (endianness == Endianness.LittleEndian)
@@ -1108,6 +1200,7 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
     /// <param name="endianness">The endian encoding to use.</param>
     /// <returns>The number of bytes written to the stream.</returns>
     /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"><paramref name="stream" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
+    [ExcludeFromCodeCoverage]
     public static int Write(this Stream stream, decimal value, Endianness endianness)
     {
 #if NET6_0_OR_GREATER
@@ -1131,6 +1224,11 @@ public static class StreamExtensions
         }
 #endif
 
+        if (!stream.CanWrite)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(ExceptionMessages.StreamDoesNotSupportWriting);
+        }
+
         int[] bits = decimal.GetBits(value);
         long preWritePosition = stream.Position;