Add Line3D

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ## 3.2.0
 ### Added
 - X10D: Added `MathUtility.InverseLerp(float, float, float)` and `MathUtility.InverseLerp(double, double, double)`
-- X10D: Added `Circle`, `CircleF`, `Ellipse`, `EllipseF` `Line`, `LineF`, `Polygon`, and `PolygonF`, to complement System.Drawing structs such as `Point` and `Rectangle`
+- X10D: Added `Circle`, `CircleF`, `Ellipse`, `EllipseF` `Line`, `LineF`, `Line3D`, `Polygon`, and `PolygonF`, to complement System.Drawing structs such as `Point` and `Rectangle`
 - X10D: Added `Point.ToSize()`
 - X10D: Added `Point.ToSizeF()`
 - X10D: Added `Point.ToVector2()`

X10D.Tests/src/Drawing/Line3DTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Numerics;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using X10D.Drawing;
+
+namespace X10D.Tests.Drawing;
+
+[TestClass]
+public class Line3DTests
+{
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void CompareTo_ShouldBeNegativeOne_GivenEmptyAndOne()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(-1, Line3D.Empty.CompareTo(Line3D.One));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void CompareTo_ShouldBeNegativeOne_GivenEmptyLineAndOneLineAsObject()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(-1, Line3D.Empty.CompareTo((object)Line3D.One));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void CompareTo_ShouldBeOne_GivenNull()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, Line3D.One.CompareTo(null));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void CompareTo_ShouldBeOne_GivenOneAndEmpty()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(1, Line3D.One.CompareTo(Line3D.Empty));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void CompareTo_ShouldBeZero_GivenUnitLine()
+    {
+        var unitLine3D = Line3D.One;
+        Assert.AreEqual(0, unitLine3D.CompareTo(unitLine3D));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void CompareTo_ShouldThrowArgumentException_GivenInvalidType()
+    {
+        Assert.ThrowsException<ArgumentException>(() => Line3D.Empty.CompareTo(new object()));
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Length_ShouldBe0_GivenEmptyLine()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(0.0f, Line3D.Empty.Length);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Length_ShouldBe1_GivenUnitXLine()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(1.0f, Line3D.UnitX.Length, 1e-6f);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Length_ShouldBe1_GivenUnitYLine()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(1.0f, Line3D.UnitY.Length, 1e-6f);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Length_ShouldBe1_GivenUnitZLine()
+    {
+        Assert.AreEqual(1.0f, Line3D.UnitZ.Length, 1e-6f);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Equals_ShouldBeTrue_GivenTwoUnitLines()
+    {
+        Line3D first = Line3D.One;
+        Line3D second = Line3D.One;
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(first, second);
+        Assert.IsTrue(first == second);
+        Assert.IsFalse(first != second);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void Equals_ShouldBeFalse_GivenDifferentLines()
+    {
+        Assert.AreNotEqual(Line3D.One, Line3D.Empty);
+        Assert.IsFalse(Line3D.One == Line3D.Empty);
+        Assert.IsTrue(Line3D.One != Line3D.Empty);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void GetHashCode_ShouldBeCorrect_GivenEmptyLine()
+    {
+        // this test is pretty pointless, it exists only for code coverage purposes
+        int hashCode = Line3D.Empty.GetHashCode();
+        Assert.AreEqual(hashCode, Line3D.Empty.GetHashCode());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void GetHashCode_ShouldBeCorrect_GivenUnitLine()
+    {
+        // this test is pretty pointless, it exists only for code coverage purposes
+        int hashCode = Line3D.One.GetHashCode();
+        Assert.AreEqual(hashCode, Line3D.One.GetHashCode());
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void op_Explicit_ShouldReturnEquivalentLine_GivenLine()
+    {
+        Line3D oneLine = new Line3D(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitX + Vector3.UnitY);
+        Line converted = (Line)oneLine;
+
+        var expectedStart = new Point((int)oneLine.Start.X, (int)oneLine.Start.Y);
+        var expectedEnd = new Point((int)oneLine.End.X, (int)oneLine.End.Y);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(oneLine.Length, converted.Length);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedStart, converted.Start);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedEnd, converted.End);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void op_Explicit_ShouldReturnEquivalentLineF_GivenLine()
+    {
+        Line3D oneLine = new Line3D(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitX + Vector3.UnitY);
+        LineF converted = (LineF)oneLine;
+
+        var expectedStart = new PointF(oneLine.Start.X, oneLine.Start.Y);
+        var expectedEnd = new PointF(oneLine.End.X, oneLine.End.Y);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(oneLine.Length, converted.Length);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedStart, converted.Start);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedEnd, converted.End);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void op_GreaterThan_True_GivenUnitAndEmptyCircle()
+    {
+        Assert.IsTrue(Line3D.One > Line3D.Empty);
+        Assert.IsTrue(Line3D.One >= Line3D.Empty);
+        Assert.IsFalse(Line3D.One < Line3D.Empty);
+        Assert.IsFalse(Line3D.One <= Line3D.Empty);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void op_Implicit_ShouldReturnEquivalentLine_GivenLine()
+    {
+        Line oneLine = Line.One;
+        Line3D converted = oneLine;
+
+        var expectedStart = new Vector3(oneLine.Start.X, oneLine.Start.Y, 0.0f);
+        var expectedEnd = new Vector3(oneLine.End.X, oneLine.End.Y, 0.0f);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(oneLine, converted);
+        Assert.AreEqual(oneLine.Length, converted.Length);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedStart, converted.Start);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedEnd, converted.End);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void op_Implicit_ShouldReturnEquivalentLine_GivenLineF()
+    {
+        LineF oneLine = LineF.One;
+        Line3D converted = oneLine;
+
+        var expectedStart = new Vector3(oneLine.Start.X, oneLine.Start.Y, 0.0f);
+        var expectedEnd = new Vector3(oneLine.End.X, oneLine.End.Y, 0.0f);
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(oneLine, converted);
+        Assert.AreEqual(oneLine.Length, converted.Length);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedStart, converted.Start);
+        Assert.AreEqual(expectedEnd, converted.End);
+    }
+
+    [TestMethod]
+    public void op_LessThan_True_GivenEmptyAndUnitCircle()
+    {
+        Assert.IsTrue(Line3D.Empty < Line3D.One);
+        Assert.IsTrue(Line3D.Empty <= Line3D.One);
+        Assert.IsFalse(Line3D.Empty > Line3D.One);
+        Assert.IsFalse(Line3D.Empty >= Line3D.One);
+    }
+}

X10D.Tests/src/Drawing/LineFTests.cs

@@ -64,11 +64,12 @@ public class LineFTests
     [TestMethod]
     public void Equals_ShouldBeTrue_GivenTwoUnitLines()
     {
-        var unitLineF1 = LineF.One;
-        var unitLineF2 = LineF.One;
-        Assert.AreEqual(unitLineF1, unitLineF2);
-        Assert.IsTrue(unitLineF1 == unitLineF2);
-        Assert.IsFalse(unitLineF1 != unitLineF2);
+        LineF first = LineF.One;
+        LineF second = LineF.One;
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(first, second);
+        Assert.IsTrue(first == second);
+        Assert.IsFalse(first != second);
     }
 
     [TestMethod]

X10D.Tests/src/Drawing/LineTests.cs

@@ -46,11 +46,12 @@ public class LineTests
     [TestMethod]
     public void Equals_ShouldBeTrue_GivenTwoUnitLines()
     {
-        var unitLine1 = Line.One;
-        var unitLine2 = Line.One;
-        Assert.AreEqual(unitLine1, unitLine2);
-        Assert.IsTrue(unitLine1 == unitLine2);
-        Assert.IsFalse(unitLine1 != unitLine2);
+        Line first = Line.One;
+        Line second = Line.One;
+
+        Assert.AreEqual(first, second);
+        Assert.IsTrue(first == second);
+        Assert.IsFalse(first != second);
     }
 
     [TestMethod]

X10D/src/Drawing/Line.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 namespace X10D.Drawing;
 
 /// <summary>
-///     Represents a line that is composed of 32-bit signed integer X and Y coordinates.
+///     Represents a line in 2D space that is composed of 32-bit signed integer X and Y coordinates.
 /// </summary>
 public readonly struct Line : IEquatable<Line>, IComparable<Line>, IComparable
 {

X10D/src/Drawing/Line3D.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace X10D.Drawing;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     Represents a line in 3D space that is composed of 32-bit signed integer X, Y and Z coordinates.
+/// </summary>
+public readonly struct Line3D : IEquatable<Line3D>, IComparable<Line3D>, IComparable
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     The empty line. That is, a line whose start and end points are at (0, 0).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly Line3D Empty = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     The line whose start point is at (0, 0, 0) and end point is at (1, 1, 1).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly Line3D One = new(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.One);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     The line whose start point is at (0, 0, 0) and end point is at (1, 0, 0).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly Line3D UnitX = new(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitX);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     The line whose start point is at (0, 0, 0) and end point is at (0, 1, 0).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly Line3D UnitY = new(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitY);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     The line whose start point is at (0, 0, 0) and end point is at (0, 0, 1).
+    /// </summary>
+    public static readonly Line3D UnitZ = new(Vector3.Zero, Vector3.UnitZ);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Line3D" /> struct by taking the start and end points.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="start">The start point.</param>
+    /// <param name="end">The end point.</param>
+    public Line3D(Vector3 start, Vector3 end)
+    {
+        End = end;
+        Start = start;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the end point of the line.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The end point.</value>
+    public Vector3 End { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the length of this line.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The length.</value>
+    public float Length
+    {
+        get => (End - Start).Length();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the length of this line, squared.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The squared length.</value>
+    public float LengthSquared
+    {
+        get => (End - Start).LengthSquared();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Gets the start point of the line.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <value>The start point.</value>
+    public Vector3 Start { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether two instances of <see cref="Line3D" /> are not equal.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="left">The first instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="right">The second instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if <paramref name="left" /> and <paramref name="right" /> are considered not equal; otherwise,
+    ///     <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public static bool operator ==(Line3D left, Line3D right)
+    {
+        return left.Equals(right);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether two instances of <see cref="Line3D" /> are not equal.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="left">The first instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="right">The second instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if <paramref name="left" /> and <paramref name="right" /> are considered not equal; otherwise,
+    ///     <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public static bool operator !=(Line3D left, Line3D right)
+    {
+        return !left.Equals(right);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether the length of one line is less than that of another.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="left">The first instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="right">The second instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if the <see cref="Length" /> of <paramref name="left" /> is less than that of
+    ///     <paramref name="right" />; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public static bool operator <(Line3D left, Line3D right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) < 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether the length of one line is greater than that of another.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="left">The first instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="right">The second instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if the <see cref="Length" /> of <paramref name="left" /> is greater than that of
+    ///     <paramref name="right" />; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public static bool operator >(Line3D left, Line3D right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) > 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether the length of one line is less than or equal to that of another.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="left">The first instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="right">The second instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if the <see cref="Length" /> of <paramref name="left" /> is less than or equal to that of
+    ///     <paramref name="right" />; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public static bool operator <=(Line3D left, Line3D right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) <= 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether the length of one line is greater than or equal to that of another.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="left">The first instance.</param>
+    /// <param name="right">The second instance.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if the <see cref="Length" /> of <paramref name="left" /> is greater than or equal to that of
+    ///     <paramref name="right" />; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public static bool operator >=(Line3D left, Line3D right)
+    {
+        return left.CompareTo(right) >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Explicitly converts a <see cref="Line3D" /> to a <see cref="Line" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="line">The line to convert.</param>
+    /// <returns>The converted line.</returns>
+    public static explicit operator Line(Line3D line)
+    {
+        Vector3 start = line.Start;
+        Vector3 end = line.End;
+        return new Line(new Point((int)start.X, (int)start.Y), new Point((int)end.X, (int)end.Y));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Explicitly converts a <see cref="Line3D" /> to a <see cref="LineF" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="line">The line to convert.</param>
+    /// <returns>The converted line.</returns>
+    public static explicit operator LineF(Line3D line)
+    {
+        Vector3 start = line.Start;
+        Vector3 end = line.End;
+        return new LineF(new PointF(start.X, start.Y), new PointF(end.X, end.Y));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Implicitly converts a <see cref="Line" /> to a <see cref="LineF" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="line">The line to convert.</param>
+    /// <returns>The converted line.</returns>
+    public static implicit operator Line3D(Line line)
+    {
+        Point start = line.Start;
+        Point end = line.End;
+        return new Line3D(new Vector3(start.X, start.Y, 0), new Vector3(end.X, end.Y, 0));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Implicitly converts a <see cref="LineF" /> to a <see cref="Line3D" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="line">The line to convert.</param>
+    /// <returns>The converted line.</returns>
+    public static implicit operator Line3D(LineF line)
+    {
+        PointF start = line.Start;
+        PointF end = line.End;
+        return new Line3D(new Vector3(start.X, start.Y, 0), new Vector3(end.X, end.Y, 0));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Compares this instance to another object.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="obj">The object with with which to compare</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and <paramref name="obj"/>.
+    ///
+    ///     <list type="table">
+    ///         <listheader>
+    ///             <term>Return value</term>
+    ///             <description>Meaning</description>
+    ///         </listheader>
+    ///
+    ///         <item>
+    ///             <term>Less than zero</term>
+    ///             <description>
+    ///                 The <see cref="Length" /> of this instance is less than that of <paramref name="obj" />.
+    ///             </description>
+    ///         </item>
+    ///         <item>
+    ///             <term>Zero</term>
+    ///             <description>
+    ///                 This instance is equal to <paramref name="obj" />, or the <see cref="Length" /> of both this instance
+    ///                 and <paramref name="obj" /> are not a number (<see cref="float.NaN" />),
+    ///                 <see cref="float.PositiveInfinity" />, or <see cref="float.NegativeInfinity" />.
+    ///             </description>
+    ///         </item>
+    ///         <item>
+    ///             <term>Greater than zero</term>
+    ///             <description>
+    ///                 The <see cref="Length" /> of this instance is greater than that of <paramref name="obj" />.
+    ///             </description>
+    ///         </item>
+    ///     </list>
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <remarks>
+    ///     Comparison internally measures the <see cref="LengthSquared" /> property to avoid calls to <see cref="MathF.Sqrt" />.
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentException"><paramref name="obj" /> is not an instance of <see cref="Line3D" />.</exception>
+    /// </remarks>
+    public int CompareTo(object? obj)
+    {
+        if (ReferenceEquals(null, obj))
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        if (obj is not Line3D other)
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException($"Object must be of type {GetType()}");
+        }
+
+        return CompareTo(other);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Compares this instance to another <see cref="Line3D" />.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="other"></param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     A signed number indicating the relative values of this instance and <paramref name="other" />.
+    ///
+    ///     <list type="table">
+    ///         <listheader>
+    ///             <term>Return value</term>
+    ///             <description>Meaning</description>
+    ///         </listheader>
+    ///
+    ///         <item>
+    ///             <term>Less than zero</term>
+    ///             <description>
+    ///                 The <see cref="Length" /> of this instance is less than that of <paramref name="other" />.
+    ///             </description>
+    ///         </item>
+    ///         <item>
+    ///             <term>Zero</term>
+    ///             <description>
+    ///                 This instance is equal to <paramref name="other" />, or the <see cref="Length" /> of both this instance
+    ///                 and <paramref name="other" /> are not a number (<see cref="float.NaN" />),
+    ///                 <see cref="float.PositiveInfinity" />, or <see cref="float.NegativeInfinity" />.
+    ///             </description>
+    ///         </item>
+    ///         <item>
+    ///             <term>Greater than zero</term>
+    ///             <description>
+    ///                 The <see cref="Length" /> of this instance is greater than that of <paramref name="other" />.
+    ///             </description>
+    ///         </item>
+    ///     </list>
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <remarks>
+    ///     Comparison internally measures the <see cref="LengthSquared" /> property to avoid calls to <see cref="MathF.Sqrt" />.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public int CompareTo(Line3D other)
+    {
+        return LengthSquared.CompareTo(other.LengthSquared);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override bool Equals(object? obj)
+    {
+        return obj is Line3D other && Equals(other);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Returns a value indicating whether this instance and another instance are equal.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="other">The instance with which to compare.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    ///     <see langword="true" /> if this instance and <paramref name="other" /> are considered equal; otherwise,
+    ///     <see langword="false" />.
+    /// </returns>
+    public bool Equals(Line3D other)
+    {
+        return End.Equals(other.End) && Start.Equals(other.Start);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public override int GetHashCode()
+    {
+        return HashCode.Combine(End, Start);
+    }
+}

X10D/src/Drawing/LineF.cs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ using X10D.Numerics;
 namespace X10D.Drawing;
 
 /// <summary>
-///     Represents a line that is composed of single-precision floating-point X and Y coordinates.
+///     Represents a line in 2D space that is composed of single-precision floating-point X and Y coordinates.
 /// </summary>
 public readonly struct LineF : IEquatable<LineF>, IComparable<LineF>, IComparable
 {